After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on 5 July 1803, about 35,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognise the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Hanover eventually emigrating to Great Britain, where the King’s German Legion was formed. It was only troops from Hanover and Brunswick that consistently opposed France throughout the entire Napoleonic wars. The Legion later played an important role in the Peninsular War and the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. In 1814 the electorate became the Kingdom of Hanover.
In 1837, the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended because William IV’s heir in the United Kingdom was female (Queen Victoria). Hanover could be inherited only by male heirs. Thus, Hanover passed to William IV’s brother, Ernest Augustus, and remained a kingdom until 1866, when it was annexed by Prussia during the Austro-Prussian war. Despite Hanover being expected to defeat Prussia at the Battle of Langensalza, Prussia employed Moltke the Elder’s Kesselschlacht order of battle to instead destroy the Hanoverian army. The city of Hanover became the capital of the Prussian Province of Hanover.
The Roadstead, Bremerhafen, Hanover (i.e., Hannover), Germany (1890s)
New Harbor and the Lighthouse, Bremerhafen, Hanover (i.e., Hannover), Germany (1890s)
Market, Bremerhafen, Hanover (i.e. Hannover), Germany (1890s)
Town from the Lighthouse, Bremerhafen, Hanover (i.e. Hannover), Germany (1890s)
New Harbor from the Lighthouse, Bremerhafen, Hanover (i.e. Hannover), Germany (1890s)
Church, Bremerhafen, Hanover (i.e. Hannover), Germany (1890s)
Lighthouse, Bremerhafen, Hanover (i.e. Hannover), Germany (1890s)
Gottingen Hanstein Ruin, Hanover (i.e. Hannover), Germany (1890s)
Post Office, Hanover, Hanover, Germany (1890s)
Castle and polytechnic, Hanover, Hanover, Germany (1890s)
The theatre, Hanover, Hanover, Germany (1890s)
Hannover. Provinzial-Museum (1890s)
