A tale of collective ingenuity and individual perseverance in the shadow of national crisis is the subject of Lewis Hine: The WPA National Research Project Photographs, 1936-37, on view at Howard Greenberg Gallery from April 15 through July 2. The Great Depression ravaged the United States in the 1930s, producing extreme levels of poverty and unemployment with a deep and penetrating social pessimism to match. Whereas some photographic endeavors of the time sought to document the misery and misfortune of those hardest hit by these conditions, Lewis Hine set out to photograph the opposite: the rebuilding of society taking place in the nation’s most technologically advanced sites of production, and the persistence and skill of the factory workers who made all of it a reality.
Established in 1935 as a division of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), the goal of the National Research Project (NRP) was to investigate new industrial technologies and their effects on employment. Lewis Hine was hired by the WPA to show the modernizing accomplishments of the nation’s factories in the years prior to WWII, particularly those being fitted for the most sophisticated forms of industrial production. Hine focused most specifically on the reorganized workplaces that were created by these modernizing efforts. It was during this time, for example, that women began entering the factory floor and joining the assembly line, and in the case of Hine’s photographs, were being called upon to help produce many of the country’s newest and most elaborate technologies.
As a pre-eminent pioneer of American photography, Hine was most prominently known for chronicling the unjust and oppressive social conditions of his day, work which helped lead to the passage of the National Child Labor Laws in 1938. Eager to depict these new facets of technology, Hine photographed factory workers in textiles, furniture, cabinet making, radio manufacturing, construction, and mining, among others, in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, and West Virginia. Fueled by his belief that labor was the soul of America, Hines’s portraits depict the dignity and industriousness of the individual worker at a time when industry was so often documented as a national endeavor.
Lewis Hine: The WPA National Research Project Photographs, 1936-37 presents more than 70 images. It is the most comprehensive exhibition ever mounted of Hine’s NRP photographs. The exhibition was inspired by the research of photographic historian Judith Mara Gutman. She writes in her 2018 book Lewis Hine: When Innovation Was King (Steidl/Howard Greenberg Library) that “Hine produced a cross-section of American working life….[and] imbued his photographs with a singular importance that elevated them beyond the generally accepted role of photographs as illustration to text.”
More than 80 years later, the photographs from the New Deal programs, and of the NRP in particular, underscore photography’s capacity for capturing the resilience of the human spirit in the face of historically challenging conditions. The work that Hine produced is emblematic in this regard, showing as it does what a nation is capable of when individual potential is coordinated and harnessed for the collective good.
Lewis Hine
The WPA National Research Project Photographs, 1936-37
15 April 2021 – 2 July 2021
Howard Greenberg Gallery
41 East 57th Street
Suite 1406
New York, NY 10022
www.howardgreenberg.com
Picket Yarn Mill, High Point, North Carolina, 1936-37
Two girls stamping glass jars in the art room at T. C. Wheaton Company. This is a stamping device developed by this company for lettering painted bottles. Ink is put under the screen in which there are perforations for the lettering, and the jar is rolled over the top of it. The girl in front is controlling the lever which presses the jar as it rolls over the screen. T.C. Wheaton Company, Millville, New Jersey, 1936-37 Gelatin silver print; printed c.1936-37
Glass paint Sprayer, T.C. Wheaton Co. art room. This man is spraying white glass cold cream jars, with a hand blowing torch. This is one of the new processes developed by T.C. Wheaton. The jars are put on the forms by a girl who sits at the other side of the machine. They revolve around to this worker who sprays them. The girl then takes the jar off and replaces it with a new one. T.C. Wheaton Company, Millville, New Jersey, January 1937 Gelatin silver print; printed c.1937
Glass worker finishing the end of a sulphur determinator. Here the worker is smoothing off the end of the tubing after heating it over the glass flame. L.G. Nestor Co., Millville, NJ, March 26, 1937 Gelatin silver print; printed c.1937
Barber-Colman High Speed Warper, Pacific Mills, Manchester, New Hampshire, April 1937 Gelatin silver print; printed c.1937
Rayon skein wrapped in cloth, Paterson, New Jersey, March 18, 1937 Gelatin silver print; printed c.1937
Scrap metal junkies breaking up old looms, to be sold for scrap iron and said to be sent to Japan for munitions, Paterson, New Jersey, 1936
