The 19th century is synonymous with the Industrial Revolution and the city of Bordeaux was developed and modernised during this period. The population doubled, to reach 230,000 inhabitants in 1891.
At the end of the 19th century it finally and proudly became a Republican city. Artistic competitions were organised to show its political affiliation and the “Bronze Horses of the Girondins” and the “Girondins Pillar”on the Quinconces Square, are two great examples of this tribute to the historical Republican character of Bordeaux.